Joseph E. Aldy, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Economics, Harvard University
Joe Aldy is currently in the economics doctoral program at Harvard University, where his research interests include climate change policy and mortality risk valuation. Prior to arriving at Harvard, Mr. Aldy served on the staff of the President's Council of Economic Advisers from 1997-2000. Mr. Aldy's CEA portfolio covered a wide range of environmental and natural resource issues, including climate change policy, air quality regulations, world crude oil and refined petroleum markets, electricity restructuring, environmental issues in China, and sustainable development. He served as the lead author for the 1998 report: "The Kyoto Protocol and the President's Policies to Address Climate Change: Administration Economic Analysis" and participated in numerous bi-lateral and multi-lateral workshops and meetings on climate change policy. Prior to his tenure at the CEA, Mr. Aldy worked at the Natural Resources and Environment Division of the USDA Economic Research Service. He was a Presidential Management Intern over the 1996-1998 period. Mr. Aldy received a Master of Environmental Management degree from the Nicholas School of the Environment in 1995 and a Bachelor of Arts degree from Duke University in 1993.

Roni Avissar, W.H. Gardner, Jr. Professor and Chair, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University
Roni Avissar is the W.H. Gardner Professor and Chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Duke University. He received his Ph.D. in 1987 from the Hebrew University, where he studied Soil and Water Sciences and Atmospheric Sciences. Before joining Duke in 2001, he was at Rutgers University, where he started his academic career in 1989 as an assistant professor and climbed through the academic ranks to become a distinguished professor and chair of the department of environmental sciences in 1998. He also founded the Center for Environmental Prediction in 1998, which he directed until he left Rutgers to join Duke. Professor Avissar has served on various national and international panels and committees and he currently serves as the Chair of the US Global Water Cycle Science Steering Group and as the Project Scientist for the Hydrometeorology component of the Large-scale Biosphere Atmosphere (LBA) Experiment in the Amazon. He is mostly known for his work on land-atmosphere interactions at the various scales, some of which will be described in his presentation.

Katharine T. Bartlett, Dean, Duke University School of Law
Katharine T. Bartlett, A. Kenneth Pye Professor of Law, became Dean of the Law School on January 1, 2000. She teaches family law, gender and law, and contracts. She has written and lectured extensively on topics in family law, including child custody and non-traditional families. Her article on non-exclusive parenthood published in the Virginia Law Review in 1984 is the leading article relating to issues of parenthood when the law's premise of the nuclear family has failed. Dean Bartlett is also an expert in the law as it relates to women and has published articles in gender theory, employment law, theories of social change, and legal education. Her article on feminist legal methods, published in the Harvard Law Review in 1990, is one of the most often cited law review articles on any subject. She is the author of Gender and Law: Theory, Doctrine, Commentary (Aspen, 3d ed. 2001) (with Angela Harris and Deborah Rhode), and a reader, Feminist Legal Theory: Readings in Law and Gender (Westview 1991) (with Rosanne Kennedy).

Dean Bartlett served as a Reporter for the American Law Institute's Principles of the Law of Family Dissolution (2002), for which she was responsible for the provisions relating to child custody. For her work on this project, she was named R. Ammi Cutter Chair in 1998. Dean Bartlett earned her degrees at Wheaton College, Harvard University, and the University of California at Berkeley. Before coming to Duke, she was a law clerk on the California Supreme Court and a legal services attorney in Oakland, California, where she specialized in disability law and pension issues. She has been a visiting professor at UCLA and at Boston University, and a Fellow at the National Humanities Center in Research Triangle Park, supported by the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1994, she won the University Scholar/Teacher of the Year Award at Duke University.

Professor Bartlett is married to Christopher Schroeder, Charles S. Murphy Professor of Law and Public Policy Studies at Duke and Director of the Duke Program in Public Law. They have three children.

Daniel Bodansky, Woodruff Chair of International Law, University of Georgia School of Law
Professor Bodansky is the Woodruff Chair of International Law at the University of Georgia School of Law. He has a J.D. degree (1984) from Yale Law School, where he was a member of the Yale Law Journal; an M.Phil. (1981) in the History and Philosophy of Science from Cambridge University,
and a B.A. magna cum laude (1979) from Harvard College. Prior to joining the UGA faculty in 2002, he clerked for Judge Irving Goldberg of the Fifth Circuit from 1984-1985, served in the State Department as an Attorney-Adviser from 1985-1989 and as the Climate Change Coordinator from 1999-2001, and was a faculty member at the University of Washington School of Law from 1989 to 2002. He has also worked as a consultant to the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat, the World Health Organization, the Pew Center on Global Change and the German Environment Agency. The recipient of a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship (1991-1992), a Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs (1991), and a Jean Monet Fellowship from the European University Institute in Florence (1998), he currently serves on the Board of Editors of the American Journal of International Law and is Co-Editor-in-Chief of Kluwer Law International’s book series on International Environmental Law and Policy.

Barbara V. Braatz, Executive Director, Center on Global Change, Duke University
Barbara Braatz joined Duke University in August 2002 as the Executive Director of the Center on Global Change. Duke’s Center on Global Change is a university-wide initiative that was launched in 2002 to instigate and facilitate interdisciplinary research and graduate training in the physical and natural sciences of global change. Prior to joining Duke, Barbara was a Vice President at ICF Consulting where she worked on climate change science and policy analysis for 15 years. Her areas of specialization are greenhouse gas accounting and mitigation assessment, and international capacity building. She has assisted the IPCC in developing national greenhouse gas inventory methods, measurement and monitoring systems for land-use change and forestry projects, and global emission scenarios; is responsible for compiling several sections of the U.S. greenhouse gas inventory submitted annually under the UNFCCC; has provided technical assistance and training to numerous developing countries in national inventory assessment; and has assisted the U.S. and other governments with national mitigation assessments and analyses of emissions trading systems. Prior to joining ICF, Barbara worked at the Biodiversity Support Program, the Federal Energy Regulatory Program, and the Anaconda Copper Company. Barbara holds a B.A in geology from Smith College, and a M.S. in Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences from MIT.

David F. Bradford, Professor of Economics and Public Affairs, Princeton University and Adjunct Professor of Law, New York University
David F. Bradford is Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at Princeton University and Adjunct Professor of Law at New York University. He is also Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, MA, where for a number of years he directed the program of research in taxation, and a member of the CESifo (Germany) research network. From November 1991 through January 1993 Dr. Bradford served as a member of the President's Council of Economic Advisers. On the Council he worked in a broad range of issues in such policy areas that included as the environment, telecommunications, health care, and financial institutions and taxation. Although he maintains his lifelong interest in taxation, in recent years, environmental teaching and research have been his principle preoccupation. More information can be found on his home page, http://www.wws.princeton.edu:80/~bradford/.

James S. Clark, H.L. Blomquist Professor of Biology and Faculty Director of the Center on Global Change, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences
James S. Clark is H.L. Blomquist Professor of Biology and Faculty Director of the Center on Global Change, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences. His research focuses on how global change affects forests and grasslands. Current projects include plant migrations, recurrent drought effects on vegetation cover and fire in the Northern Plains and aridity and fire effects on North American temperate and boreal forests during recent millennia. His lab is using long-term experiments and monitoring studies to determine disturbance and climate controls on the dynamics of 20th century forests in the southern Appalachians. Analyses of forest succession at Duke University's Free Air CO2 Experiment (FACE) are being used to assess how changing atmospheric chemistry is affecting the trajectory of change in modern forests. Projects in computation and statistics are developing approaches to forecast ecosystem change. Clark has authored over 100 refereed scientific! articles and edited the book Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change (Springer, 1997).

Clark received a B.S. from the North Carolina State University in Entomology (1979), a M.S. from the University of Massachusetts in Forestry and Wildlife (1984), and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in Ecology (1988). Between his M.S. and Ph.D., he studied one year at the University of Göttingen under a Fulbright-DAAD fellowship. At Duke University, Clark teaches Community Ecology, Paleoecology, Ecological Theory & Data, and Statistical analysis of Ecological Data. He is the Director of Graduate Studies for the University Program in Ecology and Faculty Director of the Center on Global Change.

Clark is recipient of ESA's William Skinner Cooper Award (1988), for his research on barrier beach dynamics, and George Mercer Award (1991), for studies of climate change and fire. For excellence in teaching and research, he was one of 15 scientists recognized by President Clinton with the National Science Foundation's five-yr Presidential Faculty Fellow Award (1994). In 1998 he was named an Aldo Leopold Leadership Fellow, on behalf of the Ecological Society of America. He has served on editorial boards for Ecology and Ecological Monographs (1996 -1999), Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics (1998 - ), and Global Change Biology (1994 - ) and on NSF Advisory panels for Ecology (1992 - 1997), Earth System History (1994), and LTER (2000). He chaired ESA's Mercer Award Committee, and he served on the Science Advisory Board of the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis. As current Vice President for Science of the Ecological Society of America.

Daniel J. Dudek, Chief Economist, Environmental Defense
Specializes in the reduction and control of atmospheric pollutants through the development of markets for environmental commodities to manage local and global pollution from stationary and mobile sources. Led the team credited by President George H.W. Bush with breaking the logjam on acid rain. Participated in market development activities of the US sulfur dioxide allowance trading system for the reduction of acid rain, including auctions, spot and future markets. He was also involved in the creation of tradable production entitlements for chlorofluorocarbons for compliance with the Montreal Protocol, a US EPA-approved mobile-stationary source trading program for hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide reductions in nonattainment areas, the volatile organic material trading program in Illinois, the emerging regional nitrogen oxides trading market in the eastern US, and the evolving greenhouse gas market. He brokered the first interpollutant trade which involved sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, developed the first emission trade in Poland, facilitated the first international GHG trade involving options, partnered with BP to develop their internal GHG trading system, and is developing SO2 emissions trading in China in partnership with the State Environmental Protection Administration.

Advisor, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Ministry of Environment, Poland; United Nations Conference on Trade and Development; Regional Environment Center, Budapest; Acid Rain Advisory Committee and Clean Air Act Compliance Committee, US Environmental Protection Agency; Chicago Board of Trade; Secretary of Energy Advisory Board; British Petroleum; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; State Environmental Protection Administration, People’s Republic of China; and advisor to various public and private institutions.

Author of numerous articles, abstracts, and papers on creating strategies for using market forces to solve environmental problems.

Assistant professor of resource economics, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (1982-86); agricultural economist, Natural Resource

Lakshman Guruswamy, Professor of Law, University of Colorado at Boulder
Lakshman Guruswamy, Professor of Law at the University of Colorado at Boulder, was born in Sri Lanka, and is a recognized expert in International Environmental Law. He teaches International Law, International Environmental Law, and U.S. Environmental Law at CU, and is widely published in these subjects in legal and scientific journals. Prior to joining the University of Colorado, he taught in Sri Lanka, the UK, and the Universities of Iowa and Arizona. Guruswamy, is a frequently speaker at scholarly meetings around the country and the world , and was among 20 distinguished international law scholars (and 3 Americans) specially chosen by the International Court of Justice to speak at the symposium celebrating the 50th anniversary of the ICJ or the World Court. He is the author of Legal Control of Land Based Sea Pollution (1982), the co-author of International Environmental Law and World Order (2nd. 1999), and International Environmental Law in a Nutshell (2d edition 2003), the co-author of Biological Diversity: Converging Strategies (1998), and the co-author of Arms Control and the Environment (2001). Guruswamy is also an Editor of the UNESCO Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. He has organized a number of interdisciplinary symposiums including: "Energy and the Environment: Intersecting Global Issues," (1992), "Biological Diversity: Exploring the Complexities," (1994) “Redefining Environmental Protection” (1997), “Bioinvestment, Biobanks and Bioproperty” (1998), “Arms and the Environment: Preventing the Perils of Arms Control” (1999), and “The Cartography of Governance: Exploring the Province of Environmental NGO’s” (2001).

James Hammitt, Professor of Economics, Center for Risk Analysis, Harvard School of Public Health
James K. Hammitt is Professor of Economics and Decision Sciences at the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. He holds appointments in the Department of Health Policy and Management and the Department of Environmental Health and is co-director of the Program in Environmental Science and Risk Management at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research interests include the development and application of quantitative methods of decision and risk analysis to health and environmental policy. Professor Hammitt studies the management of long-term environmental issues with important scientific uncertainties such as global climate change and stratospheric-ozone depletion, the evaluation of ancillary benefits and countervailing risks associated with risk-control measures, and the characterization of social preferences over health and environmental risks using revealed-preference and contingent-valuation methods. He is a member of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Science Advisory Board and the American Statistical Association Committee on Energy Statistics (Advisory Committee to the U.S. Energy Information Administration).

Gabriele Hegerl, Research Professor, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University
The main area of Gabi Hegerl's research is the natural variability of climate and changes in climate due to natural and anthropogenic changes in radiative forcing (such as greenhouse warming, climate effects of volcanic eruptions and changes in solar radiation). Studying global scale surface temperature observations shows that the 20th century temperature evolution is highly unusual relative to estimates of climate variability, and that greenhouse gas forcing is likely responsible for a large fraction of the 20th century warming. Gabi and collegues are still looking into narrowing uncertainties in that assessment (such as study the effect of uncertainties in model simulations of climate change, try to understand differences in temperature trends at the earth's surface and in the lower troposphere, and assess if temperature variability of the last millenium is consistent with our interpretation of climate of the 20th century). However, for society changes in more regional aspects of climate and changes in climatic extremes have potentially a stronger impact. Gabi is therefore studying changes in climate extremes in climate model simulations and tries to detect them in observations. Other interests include detecting continental scale climate change in temperature and rainfall data, climate change in the Atlantic ocean, climate variability, particularly variability that influences climate on long timescales, and changes in modes of climate variability such as the Northern and Southern Annular modes (also called AO and AAO) and their influence on temperature, rainfall and climate extremes.

Lars-Olof Hollner, Counselor, Head of Transport, Environment and Energy, Delegation of the European Commission, Washington, DC
Lars-Olof Hollner is the Head of Transport, Environment and Energy, Delegation of the European Commission. Prior to joining the Delegation of the European Commission, he served as Deputy Head of Unit, US and Canada Affairs and Principal Administrator for the US Desk DG Relex, European Commission. He also served within the Swedish Foreign Service in numerous capacities, including Counselor, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs; First Secretary, Swedish Embassy, Washington, DC; Head of Section, Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs; Swedish Delegation to the European Communities, Brussels; Attaché for trade Policy and Customs; and Head of Section, Swedish National Board of Trade.

Prasad Kasibhatla, Associate Professor, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University
Prasad Kasibhatla is Associate Professor of Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Sciences & Policy Division, in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University. The overarching theme of his research is to develop a fundamental and quantitative understanding of the factors that determine the chemical composition of the atmosphere. He has particular interests in delineating natural and anthropogenic impacts on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, and in exploring the potential for these impacts to affect natural ecosystems.

Dr. Kasibhatla’s research specifically focuses on global and regional impacts on the chemistry of the troposphere, and involves the development and use of advanced three-dimensional chemical transport models (CTMs). He uses these models for characterizing the global and regional distributions of important compounds in the troposphere, and for understanding how complex interactions between emissions, transport, and chemistry shape these distributions. A central part of his research involves using models to test current hypotheses using data from field experiments, and the development of new hypotheses regarding the past, current, and future impacts of human-induced emissions on the chemistry of the troposphere.

Robert O. Keohane, J.B. Duke Professor, Department of Political Science, Nicholas School and Law School, Duke University
Robert Keohane is James B. Duke Professor of Political Science, Duke University. He is the author of After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (1984), co-author (with Joseph S. Nye, Jr.) of Power and Interdependence (third edition 2001), and author of Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World (2002). He has served as the president of the International Studies Association and the American Political Science Association.

Randall A. Kramer, Professor, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University

Randall A. Kramer, professor of resource and environmental economics in the Nicholas School of the Environment and the Department of Economics at Duke University.
Before coming to Duke in 1988, Kramer taught in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. He has also held visiting positions at IUCN-The World Conservation Union, the Economic Growth Center at Yale University, and the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry. He has served as a consultant to the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and other international organizations. His research focuses on ecosystem valuation, water resource economics, and the economics of biodiversity and natural resource management in developing countries. He has published in Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Land Economics, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Water Resources Research, Environment and Development Economic, and other journals. He co-edited, Last Stand: Protected Areas and the Defense of Tropical Biodiversity, Oxford University Press. Current research projects include studies of (1)deforestation, malaria and household behavior; (2) farmer participation in wetlands restoration programs, and (3) new methods for pooling estimates of the value of prevented mortality.

Peter Lange, Provost, Duke University
Peter Lange came to the Department of Political Science at Duke in 1981, after previously teaching at Harvard University. Since arriving at Duke, he has been an Associate (1982-1989) and Full Professor (since 1989), and Chair of the Department of Political Science from 1996 to 1999. He assumed his position as the Provost of Duke University in July 1999. Earlier he had served as the Special Assistant to the Provost for International Affairs in 1993-1994 and as the Vice Provost for Academic and International Affairs from 1994-1996. Lange also chaired the committee that produced the proposal for Curriculum 2000, the substantially revised curriculum for Duke Arts and Sciences undergraduates, which was implemented in fall 2000.

Lange earned his B.A. from Oberlin College in 1967 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Political Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975. Lange has earned numerous fellowships including the Woodrow Wilson Fellowship in 1967 and the Fulbright Research Scholar (Milan, Italy) in 1986.

As a professor, Lange focuses on the topics of comparative politics and political economy. His early work focused on Italian politics and the Italian Communist Party. He subsequently studied European trade union movements. In more recent years his research focus has turned from the relationship of trade union movements and other political economic institutions to the economic performance of the advanced industrial democracies and the effects of globalization on these relationships. His current research is a collaborative project on the effects of globalization on perceptions of economic risk on the part of citizens in democratic settings and the ways such perceptions become translated into national policies to secure citizens against such risks. Lange has also trained numerous doctoral students, several of whom have won national awards for their dissertations and have gone on to distinguished academic careers.

Lynn A. Maguire, Associate Professor of the Practice of Environmental Management and Director of Professional Studies, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University
Dr. Lynn A. Maguire is Associate Professor of the Practice of Environmental Management and Director of Professional Studies in the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University. She teaches decision analysis, conflict resolution, and professional ethics to students pursuing professional masters degrees. She also organizes professional skills workshops emphasizing communication, management, field and laboratory skills.

Dr. Maguire has an A.B. in Biology from Harvard University, a M.S. in Resource Ecology from The University of Michigan, and a Ph.D. in Wildlife Ecology from Utah State University. Prior to coming to Duke in 1982, she worked in the Forestry Research Division of Crown Zellerbach, a paper and wood products company. She has served on the Board of Governors of the Society for Conservation Biology, was a member of the National Academy of Sciences panel that wrote the book Science and the Endangered Species Act, and is a member of the editorial board for Biological Conservation. In addition to her academic work, Dr. Maguire consults on environmental decision making with federal and state agencies within the U.S. and with international conservation and resource management organizations. She uses a combination of tools from decision analysis, conflict resolution and public participation to help clients resolve contentious environmental issues.

Dr. Maguire’s current research focuses on integrating public values with technical analysis in environmental decision making. This work, like her consulting work, draws on decision analysis, dispute resolution, and the social psychology of public participation in policy decisions. She has applied these tools to endangered species management, invasive species management, multiple use management of public lands, and watershed planning. Her work often blends traditional research using survey methods, interviews and analysis of archival materials with “hands-on” practice as a decision analyst and facilitator for environmental policy decisions.

Nina Mendelson, Assistant Professor, University of Michigan Law Schoool
Nina Mendelson teaches environmental law, administrative law, and legislation at the University of Michigan Law School. She holds an A.B. degree in economics, summa cum laude, from Harvard, and a J.D. from the Yale Law School, where she was an Articles Editor on the Yale Law Journal. Nina served as law clerk to Judge Pierre Leval, then of the Southern District of New York, and Judge John Walker, Jr., of the Second Circuit. Prior to teaching, she practiced environmental law in the private sector, served as a fellow on the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee, and then worked on environmental legislative and policy matters at the U.S. Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division. Most recently, she is the author of Agency Burrowing: Entrenching Policies and Personnel Before a New President Arrives, 78 N.Y.U.L. Rev. 557 (May, 2003).

Natalia S. Mirovitskaya, Research Scholar of Public Policy, Duke University
Natalia Mirovitskaya is currently Visiting Research Scholar of Public Policy at Duke University. She received her Ph.D. in 1981 from the Russian Academy of Sciences, where she studied economics. Prior to joining Duke in 1995, she served as Visiting Associate Professor of Political Sciences at North Carolina State University and Senior Researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences. Dr. Mirovitskaya has participated in various international research projects and has authored and co-authored numerous publications and papers. Her field of interest and expertise include international environmental policy and politics; sustainable development; comparative marine policy and ocean governance; and gender, environment and development.

Richard D. Morgenstern, Senior Fellow, Resources for the Future
Richard D. Morgenstern is a Senior Fellow in the Quality of the Environment Division, Resources for the Future. Morgenstern received his PhD in Economics from the University of Michigan and his A.B. (also in economics) from Oberlin College. He has been a member of the full-time staff at Resources for the Future since March 2000. Previously, he directed the Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Policy Analysis for more than a decade. He has also acted in various senior policy positions at EPA (Assistant Administrator for Policy, Planning and Evaluation; Deputy Administrator), and served as Senior Counselor to the Undersecretary for Global Affairs at the U.S. State Department.

Morgenstern has specialized in the design and analysis of environmental policies. He has worked extensively on both domestic and international problems. He has investigated a variety of issues relating to the costs of regulations, e.g., the discrepancy between ex ante and ex post estimates of regulatory costs, and the potential for overstatement of costs in retrospective reporting by firms. He has examined the effect of government-run voluntary programs on the likelihood of firms adopting new technologies more rapidly than normal, as well as the effect of energy prices on the speed of diffusion of new energy-saving technologies. His (edited) book on the use of economic analysis in regulatory decision-making is widely cited in the literature.

Internationally, Morgenstern has extensive experience on both the design and implementation of environmental policies. He has written extensively on various climate change issues, including the design of tradable permit systems for controlling CO2 emissions, both domestically and internationally; and on the economics of co-control of CO2 and conventional pollutants in developing countries. Currently, he is leading a major project in the People’s Republic of China to design and demonstrate an SO2 trading system in Shanxi Province. He is also working on the design of CDM in the PRC.

Morgenstern serves as a research and educational consultant to federal agencies and international organizations, e.g., the Asian Development Bank. Over the past five years he has taught at the University of Pennsylvania, Yeshiva University, and Oberlin College. He has served on various committees of the National Academy of Science and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Previously, he was a member of various U.S. delegations negotiating the Kyoto Protocol and other treaties. He is regularly interviewed by a variety of news organizations.

Michael Munger, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science at Duke University and the Faculty Director, Duke Micro-Incentives Research Center
Michael Munger is Professor of Political Science. His current research includes projects on the ideology of racism in the slave South, and low-level radioactive waste disposal. Prof. Munger's primary teaching interests are methods and American institutions. His publications include two coauthored books, Ideology and the Theory of Political Choice (1994) and Analytical Politics (1997), as well as more than 50 journal articles and policy papers. He has taught at Dartmouth College, University of Texas, and University of North Carolina (where he was Director of the Master of Public Administration Program), as well as working as a staff economist at the Federal Trade Commission during the Reagan Administration. He currently serves as President of the Public Choice Society, an international academic society of political scientists and economists with members in 16 countries.

Brian C. Murray, Director, Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Program, Research Triangle Institute
Brian C. Murray is Senior Economist and Director of the Environmental and Natural Resources Program at Research Triangle Institute (RTI). His research focuses on economic modeling of environmental and natural resource policies and regulations. For members of the U.S. negotiation team for the Kyoto Protocol he and a colleague modeled the potential contribution of carbon sinks to the attainment of greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments at different levels of carbon incentives. Dr. Murray was co-investigator on a multi-disciplinary research team modeling the effects of climate change on the forest and agricultural sectors of the southeastern U.S. as part of the 2000 national climate change assessment. His work has been published in professional journals, including The Review of Economics and Statistics, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Land Economics, Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Ecological Economics, World Resource Review, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, and Forest Science. Dr. Murray has also co-authored several chapters in books or scientific panel reports, including the 2000 USGCRP national climate change assessment report and was a coordinating lead author on the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry. Dr. Murray received his PhD in resource economics from Duke. He is an adjunct professor at North Carolina State University.

Jonathan Ocko, Head, Department of History, North Carolina State University & Adjunct Professor, Duke University Law School
Jonathan Ocko received his MA in East Asian Studies and Ph.D. in History from Yale University. He taught at Clark University and Wellesely College before coming to North Carolina State in 1978 where he is now Professor and Head, Dept. of History. In 1978-79, he was an ACLS Study Fellow at Harvard Law School, where he worked with Jerome Cohen, and since 1980 has been teaching courses in Chinese legal history and Chinese law and society at Duke Law School, where he is currently an Adjunct Professor of legal history. Prof. Ocko's recent research has focused on concepts of justice in late imperial China and on contract and property in Chinese economic culture. For the last 15 years he has also consulted on China for a number of North American high-tech companies and venture capital funds.

Pietro Peretto, Associate Professor of Economics, Duke University
Pietro Peretto joined Duke in 1994 after receiving his Ph.D. in Economics from Yale University. A native of Milan, Italy, Peretto received his B.A. from the Universita Bocconi, also in Milan. His research integrates into endogenous growth theory the insights on technological progress and market structure developed in industrial organization. He has written several theoretical and applied papers in the area. Professor Peretto teaches graduate Macroeconomic Theory, and undergraduate Intermediate Macroeconomics and Industrial Organization.

John Reilly, Associate Director for Research, Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, MIT
Dr. Reilly is the Associate Director for Research in the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change at MIT. Much of his 20-year research career has focused on the economics of climate change, including modeling of energy use and carbon emissions and on the economic impacts of climate change on agriculture as well as consideration of agriculture and forestry sinks. He has published numerous articles, books, and reports on the economics of climate change and on other issues related to natural resources, technology, and energy use and supply. He was a principal author for the IPCC Second Assessment Report and has served on many Federal government and international committees. Prior to joining MIT in 1998, he spent 12 years with the Economic Research Service of USDA, most recently as the Acting Director and Deputy Director for Research of the Resource Economics Division. He has been a scientist with Battelle's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and with the Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge Associated Universities. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Pennsylvania in 1983 and holds a B.S. in economics and political science from the University of Wisconsin and is a member of the American Economics Association.

Richard Richels, Director, Global Climate Change Research, Electric Power Research Institute
Dr. Richard Richels directs Global Climate Change Research at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Palo Alto, California. In previous assignments, he directed EPRI's energy analysis, environmental risk, and utility planning research activities.

He has served on a number of national and international advisory panels, including committees of the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Research Council. He has served as an expert witness at the Department of Energy’s hearings on the National Energy Strategy and testified at Congressional hearings on priorities in global climate change research.

In addition, Dr. Richels has served as a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Second and Third Scientific Assessments and served on the Synthesis Team for the US National Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the United States. He currently serves on the Scientific Steering Committee for the US Carbon Cycle Program and the Advisory Committee for Princeton University Carbon Mitigation Initiative.

Dr. Richels is a co-author of Buying Greenhouse Insurance - the Economic Costs of CO2 Emission Limits (with Alan Manne). He has written a number of papers on operations research, energy and environmental policy, and energy research and development. He has served as Editor of the Energy, Environment and National Resources area of the Operations Research Journal. He has also served on the Board of Editors of The Energy Journal and the Journal of Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis.

His current research interests are related to the issues of induced technical change, assessing the costs and benefits of climate change management proposals, identifying the potential impacts of climate change and how they may vary with the choice of mitigation and adaptation initiatives, and the valuation of market and non-market impacts.

Dr. Richels received a B.S. degree in Physics from the College of William and Mary in 1968. He was awarded an M.S. degree in 1973 and Ph.D. degree in 1976 from Harvard University’s Division of Applied Sciences where he concentrated in Decision Sciences. While at Harvard he was a member of the Energy and Environmental Policy Center.

Richard Rosenzweig, Managing Director, Natsource, Washington, DC
Richard Rosenzweig, Managing Director (Washington, DC), provides consulting services to private firms, governments, and international financial institutions and associations on all aspects of climate change, including risk management, market entry strategies, international climate change negotiations, and domestic policy development. He joined Natsource from the Washington law firm of Van Ness Feldman, where he was Principal. Mr. Rosenzweig counseled clients on Clean Air Act matters and provided strategic government affairs counsel on public policy issues, with emphasis on global climate change and energy matters. Mr. Rosenzweig has extensive experience in all aspects of emissions trading and risk management. He represented several companies in the design of the U.S. Acid Rain Program and NOx SIP Call. He was involved in the first transaction of UK and Danish greenhouse gas allowances. He also assists companies determine their risk to the climate issue and develop appropriate risk management strategies. Mr. Rosenzweig served as Chief of Staff to the Secretary of Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy from 1993-1996. He was responsible for developing and coordinating DOE strategy related to global climate change, commercial nuclear waste, and the Department’s budget submission. His national policy responsibilities included key roles in the development of the Clinton Administration’s Climate Change Action Plan, which incorporated the first project-based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the Secretary’s international energy, environmental, and national security initiatives. He also helped to negotiate voluntary agreements between DOE and more than 600 electric utilities to achieve voluntary greenhouse gas reductions in the “Climate Challenge” program.

Kathryn Saterson, Executive Director, Center for Environmental Solutions, Duke University
Kathryn Saterson is currently the Executive Director of the Center for Environmental Solutions at Duke University. She also has an appointment as a Research Scientist in the Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy at the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke. Prior to moving to Duke in August of 2001, she was the Director of the Environmental Management Center at the Brandywine Conservancy working on local land conservation in Pennsylvania. From 1991-1999 Saterson was the Executive Director of the Biodiversity Support Program (BSP), a consortium of World Wildlife Fund, The Nature Conservancy, and the World Resources Institute. BSP used funds from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) to support biodiversity conservation programs in developing countries in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Saterson’s other professional experience includes five years with USAID, including over two years based in Thailand, and a Congressional Science Fellowship with the House Subcommittee on Public Lands. Saterson was elected Secretary to the Board of Governors for the Society for Conservation Biology for 2002 – 2005. She received her Ph.D. in Biology, and MS in botany from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and BA from Williams College.

William H. Schlesinger, Dean, Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University
William H. Schlesinger is James B. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry, and, Dean of the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University.

Completing his A.B. at Dartmouth (1972), and Ph.D. at Cornell (1976), he joined the faculty at Duke in 1980. He is the author or coauthor of over 150 scientific papers and the widely-adopted textbook Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change (Academic Press, 2nd ed. 1997). He was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995.

Currently, Schlesinger focuses his research on global change ecology. He is the co-principal investigator for the Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) Experiment in the Duke Forest—a project that aims to understand how an entire forest ecosystem (vegetation and soils) will respond to growth in elevated CO2. He has also worked extensively in desert ecosystems and their response to global change—often leading to the degradation of soils and regional desertification. From 1991 to 2000, he served as Principal Investigator for the NSF-sponsored program of Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) at the Jornada Basin in southern New Mexico. His past work has taken him to diverse habitats, ranging from Okefenokee Swamp in southern Georgia to the Mojave Desert of California. His research has been featured on NOVA, CNN, NPR, and on the pages of Discover, National Geographic, The New York Times, and Scientific American.

Schlesinger has testified before U.S. House and Senate Committees on a variety of environmental issues, including preservation of desert habitats and global climate change. He is a member of the Committee on Research and Exploration for the National Geographic Society. Schlesinger has been elected President of the Ecological Society of America for 2003-2004.

Anne E. Smith, Vice President, Charles River Associates, Inc.
Dr. Smith is a nationally-recognized expert in risk management and multi-disciplinary policy assessment, applying economics, decision sciences, and systems modeling to help manage complex environmental and energy issues. As a member of CRA’s Environment and Energy practices, she performs integrated assessments, economic modeling, and environmental risk and damage estimation on air quality and climate change policy issues. Dr. Smith has been engaged by clients to analyze all of the prominent air policy issues of the past decade, including regional haze, particulate matter and ozone ambient standards, acid deposition, air toxics, global climate change, and emissions trading. Her clients have included governments, research institutions, trade associations, multi-stakeholder organizations, and power companies. She also has experience with policy issues regarding the US DOE’s nuclear weapons complex, agricultural imports, food safety, and water resources.

V. Kerry Smith, University Distinguished Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, North Carolina State University
V. Kerry Smith is a University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Director of the Center for Environmental and Resource Economic Policy (CEnREP) at North Carolina State University, and University Fellow for the Quality of the Environment Division at Resources for the Future. He is a past President of the Southern Economic Association and the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists. He served as the first Co-Chair of the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee of EPA’s Science Advisory Board. More recently, he has served on the SAB’s Arsenic Rule Benefits Review Panel and he is currently on the EPA SAB Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis. He earned his Ph.D. in Economics at Rutgers University. In the mid-1970’s, he was a Guggenheim Foundation Fellow. In 1989 he received the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists’ Distinguished Service Award, in 1992 presented the Frederick V. Waugh Lecture to the American Agricultural Economics Association, and in 2002 he was named a Fellow of the American Agricultural Economics Association. His publications have appeared in several leading economics journals. This year Harvard University Press will publish his most recent book which is co-authored with Frank Sloan and Donald Taylor and entitled The Smoking Puzzle: Information, Risk Perception and Choice.

Richard B. Stewart, University Professor and Emily Kempin Professor of Law at New York University Law School and director of NYU's Center on Environmental and Land Use Law.
An internationally recognized expert on environmental law and policy and administrative law and regulation, he has published more than ten books and seventy articles and essays. From 1989 to 1991 Mr. Stewart served served as assistant attorney general for environment and natural resources at the U.S. Department of Justice, where he headed a staff of 400 lawyers representing the United States in all environmental cases in court. Among other matters, he had principal responsibility for representing the United States in the Exxon Valdez oil spill litigation, which resulted in a $1 billion settlement of civil and criminal charges against Exxon. He also played a significant role in shaping US climate change policy. He joined the NYU faculty in 1992. From 1971 to 1989, Stewart was a member of the Harvard Law School faculty, becoming Byrne Professor of Administrative Law and associate dean. He was also a faculty member at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. From 1977 to 1989 he served as a trustee of the Environmental Defense Fund, including as its chairman from 1982 to 1984. He currently serves as advisory trustee of Environmental Defense and as a member of its Litigation Review Committee. He is also a director of the Health Effects Institute, a member of the American Law Institute, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He holds an honorary doctorate from Erasmus University, Rotterdam, and has been a visiting professor of law at the University of Chicago, the University of California at Berkeley, the European University Institute, the University of Bologna, the University of Rome, and Georgetown University. Mr. Stewart is a graduate of Yale University, Harvard Law School (where he was a member of the Harvard Law Review), and Oxford University, where he was a Rhodes Scholar. Following graduation from Harvard Law School in 1966, he served as law clerk to Justice Potter Stewart of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Brendon Swedlow, Research Fellow, Center for Environmental Solutions, Duke University
Brendon Swedlow is a Research Fellow at Duke’s Center for Environmental Solutions, where he is helping to conduct a study of risk perception and regulation in the US and Europe. Swedlow received his Ph.D. in political science at the University of California, Berkeley in 2002 and his J.D. from the University of California, Hastings College of Law. His dissertation research thesis is titled "Scientists, Judges, and Spotted Owls: Policymakers in the Pacific Northwest."

Mort Webster, Assistant Professor of Public Policy, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Dr. Webster joined the Department of Public Policy at UNC-CH in 2001. His general research interests include issues of risk assessment and decision-making under uncertainty in the context of environmental policy and science and technology policy. He is currently working on characterizing the uncertainty in the economic, climate, and ocean components of integrated assessment models of global climate change. Dr. Webster’s focus is on how to analyze the uncertainty in models of climate change to produce insights that are useful to the policy community. This work includes addressing the role of learning in the future on today’s decision, the effect of uncertainty on multi-stakeholder negotiations, and better means of communicating results to non-experts. He received a Ph.D. (2000) in Technology, Management and Policy from MIT and a B.S.E. (1988) in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania. He also spent two years at Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan on a Monbusho scholarship (1989-1990).

Jonathan B. Wiener, Professor of Law, Environmental Policy, and Public Policy Studies at Duke University, and the Faculty Director of the Duke Center for Environmental Solutions.
Professor Wiener is also a University Fellow of Resources for the Future (RFF). He was elected to the governing Council of the Society for Risk Analysis (SRA) in 2001, and is a member of the Editorial Board of Risk Analysis: An International Journal. In 1999 he was a visiting professor at Harvard Law School.

Professor Wiener has written widely on U.S. and international environmental law, including the books Reconstructing Climate Policy (AEI Press 2003, with Richard B. Stewart) and Risk vs. Risk (Harvard University Press 1995, with John D. Graham) and numerous articles including "Designing Climate Regulation" in Climate Change Policy
(Stephen Schneider et al., eds., 2002), "Comparing Precaution in the United States and Europe" in the Journal of Risk Research (2002, with Michael D. Rogers), "Managing the Iatrogenic Risks of Risk Management" in Risk: Health Safety & Environment (1998) and "Global Environmental Regulation" in the Yale Law Journal (1999). He has been writing on the design of climate change policy since 1989. Before coming to Duke in 1994, Professor Wiener served in both the first Bush and Clinton
administrations, as senior staff economist at the White House Council of Economic Advisers, as policy counsel at the White House Office of Science & Technology Policy, and as special assistant to the head of the Justice Department's Environment Division. In these positions he handled environmental and regulatory matters, helped negotiate the Framework Convention on Climate Change (in particular its provisions on the "comprehensive approach" and on emissions trading), helped create the Forests for the Future initiative, and helped draft Executive Order 12866 on regulatory review. He also served as the environmental adviser to the Americorps National Service Program in 1993, helped start annual community service days in Boston in 1989 and in Washington DC in 1991, served on the North Carolina State Commission on National and Community Service from 1994-98, and founded the "Dedicated to Durham" community service day held at Duke Law School twice each year since 1995. Professor Wiener clerked for Judge (now U.S. Supreme Court Justice)
Stephen G. Breyer on the U.S. Court of Appeals in Boston in 1988-89, and for Chief Judge Jack B. Weinstein on the U.S. District Court in New York in 1987-88. He received his A.B. in economics (1984) and his J.D. (1987) from Harvard University, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review.

ZhongXiang Zhang, Sr. Economist, East-West Center
ZhongXiang Zhang is a senior economist at the U.S. Congress-funded East-West Center, Honolulu, USA; and a part-time professor of economics at Centre for Environment and Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China and China Centre for Regional Economic Research, Peking University, Beijing, China. As the author of numerous articles in a wide variety of international outlets in the fields of energy and environmental economics, trade and the environment, public finance and macroeconomic modelling, he has authored the book The Economics of Energy Policy in China: Implications for Global Climate Change (Edward Elgar, 1998), and co-authored International Rules for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading (United Nations, 1999). Currently, he is serving on the editorial boards of seven international journals (Climate Policy; Energy Policy; Energy and Environment; Environmental Management and Policy; Environmental Science and Policy; International Environmental Agreements; International Journal of Energy, Environment and Economics) and one Chinese journal. He has also served as an expert/consultant to many national and international organizations, including UNCTAD, UNDP, UNEP, OECD, ADB, IPCC, CEC, and WRI. He has presented research findings in more than 25 countries over the past six years. He has been included in Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering and Who's Who in the World. He received a BS and an MS in energy engineering and systems analysis from Tianjin University (the oldest Chinese university), and a PhD in economics from Wageningen University, The Netherlands.