| International Triggering
Events, Transnational Networks and the Development of the Czech and Polish Environmental Movements
JoAnn Carmin and Barbara Hicks
Published in Mobilization, 7 (3): 305-324, 2002
ABSTRACT: This study shows how international, intergovernmental,
and transnational factors influence social movement formation and evolution by examining the Czech and Polish
environmental movements between 1970 and 2000. The analysis maps the ways in which these factors create conditions
for movement development and demonstrates how their influence varies, depending on regime stability and type.
Movement actions are more predictable in stable regimes because governments are better able to control the
effects of external events. In authoritarian regimes, external influences tend to foster development by altering
political opportunities while in democratic regimes they usually bring resources directly to movements. These
patterns suggest that although the forces of globalization are promoting similarity in movement development
and action, the effects of external influences on mobilization are still moderated by national political institutions
and processes.
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